The Science of Kundalini Yoga:
A Neuroscience & Physiology Perspective
Kundalini Yoga is a multifaceted practice involving dynamic movements, breathwork, chanting, and meditation. Although traditionally rooted in ancient yogic traditions, its physiological effects can now be analyzed through the lens of modern neuroscience and anatomy.
Brain & Nervous System:
Autonomic Nervous System Regulation
In Kundalini yoga, breath patterns, breath holds and chanting stimulate the vagus nerve and help shift the nervous system from sympathetic (“fight or flight”) to parasympathetic (“rest and digest”). This yoga supports stress resilience, emotional regulation, and improved heart rate variability (HRV).
​Prefrontal Cortex Activation
Meditation and chanting increase activity in the prefrontal cortex, the region responsible for attention, emotional regulation, and self-awareness.
Thalamocortical Loop Engagement
The repetitive chanting and hand gestures influence and modulate sensory input, creating a state of focused relaxation or altered consciousness by influencing thalamocortical circuits.
Neuroplasticity
Studies on meditation (including Kundalini practices) show increased gray matter density in areas tied to emotional processing, memory, and empathy.
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Anatomy & Physiology: Body Systems
Spinal Column and Cerebrospinal Fluid
Kundalini focuses on “raising energy” along the spine, which aligns conceptually with stimulating ascending pathways of the spinal cord (posterior columns) and regulating cerebrospinal fluid flow through breath and posture.
​Endocrine System Stimulation
Specific breath patterns, chanting and movements massage and mechanically stimulate glands (pituitary, pineal, adrenal, thyroid), stimulates the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis to regulate stress hormones.​
Cardiorespiratory Effects
Fast breathing (Breath of Fire) increases COâ‚‚ tolerance, improves oxygen delivery throughout the body, and strengthens the diaphragm. Slow, deep breathing reduces blood pressure and heart rate through baroreceptor reflexes.
Musculoskeletal Effects
Repetitive dynamic postures mobilize the vertebral joints, promotes imbibition and enhance spinal flexibility. Imbibition is the process by which the intervertebral discs (IVDs) absorb water and nutrients. Isometric holds and sequences improve muscular endurance and proprioception (body awareness in space).